How to escape Canada? It depends on the specifics of your situation and destination. Most visas are based on employment, marriage, or family.
Family-Based
You may be able to obtain a green card if you have “immediate relatives” who are U.S. citizens:
1) spouses of U.S. citizens
2) parents of U.S. citizens who are over 21
3) children of U.S. citizens who are under 21
There are also “family preference categories” whereby a relative can petition for a greencard on your behalf. (This is a lengthy process which can take several years, so attempting other avenues first is recommended.)
See: information. (USCIS website: Green Card through Family)
If you have a Permanent Resident relative, they can apply for a green card on your behalf if you’re a spouse or unwed child of theirs (see: USCIS information).
MARRIAGE
Marrying a citizen from another country will generally allow you to apply for citizenship after a set period of residency (3-5 years on average).
K1-VISA – (Fiance): for marrying a citizen within 90 days of entering the U.S., then applying for permanent residency (USCIS website info).
Marriage Green Card: granted ‘temporary status’ and will have a set date to apply for ‘permanent status’ by. Same-sex marriage is legal in all states and eligible as well (USCIS website).
WORKING VISA
H1-B VISAS:
These are temporary visas for working in the U.S. in a high education field or specialty occupation (see: USCIS info). You’ll need a guaranteed job and your employer must apply for the visa on your behalf. You must apply by certain dates within the year and meet requirements.
The visa is good for three years, it can then be renewed for another three. After this, you’ll need to exit the country for a year before reapplying – unless you have requested permanent residency (which you can do on this visa).
Foreign owners of U.S. companies may be able to sponsor themselves for H-1B visas if the owners have a bachelor’s degree or higher in a specialized field and the company will employ the owner in that occupation.
TN-STATUS:
This is granted to specific occupations through a mutual NAFTA agreement. The status is valid for three years, and is considered easier to get than the H1-B. You can apply through a POE (Port of Entry) or the USCIS website.
Before applying you must: have a job offer from a U.S. employer; be a Canadian citizen; show an intention to return to Canada after expiration.
(USCIS website info)
L1-VISAS:
L-1A: allows a U.S. employer to transfer a manager or an executive from an affiliated Canadian office to one of its U.S. offices. It’s valid for three years and spouses and children can live in the U.S under an L-2 status.
L1-B: is for intracompany transferees who work in positions that require specialized knowledge. Your employer must apply on your behalf.
(USCIS website info)
O1-VISAS:
This is for “Canadians of Extraordinary Ability”.
O-1A: individuals who possess extraordinary ability in the arts, sciences, education or athletics.
O-1B: those with extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industry.
Only a U.S. employer or agent can sponsor you for an O-1 visa. You can’t apply for an O-1 without a job offer.
EB-5 Green Card:
For Canadians investing in a business in the U.S. in exchange for a green card. Required amount is between $900,000 USD to $1,800,000 USD and it must create at least ten jobs.
Your spouse and children can also qualify for green cards under the same investment.
(More information)
JAY TREATY (Aboriginal)
If you’re Aboriginal with a Status Card and a Canadian citizen you’re eligible for a Green Card.
– A card obtained through marriage or adoption is not valid.
– You must be able to prove your heritage (50% or more Aboriginal) and have been born in Canada.
(USCIS website info)
STUDENT VISAS
You may be able to obtain a visa as a ‘student’ if you are studying full time at an approved institution or pursuing other vocational studies/training.
F1-VISA:
An F1 visa is issued to international students who are attending an academic program or English Language Program at a U.S. college or university.
M1-VISA:
Vocational Student category: includes students in vocational or other nonacademic programs, other than language training.
(USCIS website info)
J1-VISA:
For those who wish to take part in work-and-study based exchange and visitor programs in the U.S. These programs are sponsored by an educational or other nonprofit institution, which must be accredited.
Some examples: Au Pair, camp counselor, physician or research program, teacher or intern program.
J2-Visa is for spouses and children, but eligibility is determined by the program.
(More info here)